Robot Teachers

South Korean Schools Testing Robot Teachers | News & Opinion | PCMag.com

iSketch

One person tries to illustrate a word by drawing. All others try to guess the word. A fun game for learning English vocabulary.

One in four UK Teachers Not Literate?

This news story suggests the basic literacy and numeracy of British teachers is rapidly declining.

Word Lens

This is just too amazing. An iPhone/iPad app that uses your built-in camera, OCR, and instant translation to instantly translate any foreign-language sign. A whole new level of machine translation.

Check out Naruto Character Creator

Check out Naruto Character Creator. Great for practicing vocabulary for describing people, and for talking about clothing.

Google NGrams

Google, in accord with their search roots, has adapted their entire Google Books database for use as a corpus. Way fun!

Michelle Rhee Resigns as Washington Schools Commissioner

Michelle Rhee's demise in Washington last month was, I think, deserved. To my mind, she was always an illustration of Aesop's fable of the frogs who asked Zeus to send them a king. Because she acted decisively and harshly, she was popular. Teacher-bashing plays well with the public, and teachers have no one but themselves to blame that this is so. But that does not make any approach that is hostile to teachers right.

Rhee had a grand time grandstanding to the media. Nobody wanted to notice, for a while, that she was acting capriciously. It really all just amounted to Rhee firing people she personally disliked. Everything was up to the “judgement of the chancellor”--that is, Rhee. Challenged, she made unsubstantiated, defamatory McCarthy-like blanket accusations against teachers she fired. She hinted that those fired were child molesters, no less.

Her methods did improve performance on most measures. Most dictatorships do—for a few years. But I doubt her achievement would have been sustainable. For a while, raw fear can make everyone work harder in hopes of waiting out the firestorm. But fear is a brittle motivator. The moment there is the slightest opportunity instead to subvert the system, or to escape it, the dictatorial approach becomes disastrous; and such a moment always comes. Strong and efficient institutions are built instead on a shared sense of purpose, shared ideals, and a sense of fairness.

This is also an important lesson to understand for discipline within a classroom. Harsh and arbitrary measures may look good for a day or a month, but are self-defeating.

Rhee was and is the worst possible enemy of any true educationsal reform. Why? Because education reform is desperately needed, and McCarthyites like Rhee are giving it a bad name. Just as McCarthy almost single-handedly discredited the claim that there were Communists in the US State Department.

Even though there were.

The Birthday Party

YouTube used for interactive video. Great for listening comprehension

Spelling as a Spectator Sport

ESPN covers the National Spelling Bee

Miss Spell's Class

An interactive spelling challenge from Dictionary.com

Interactive YouTube Spelling Bee

Using YouTube to make an interactive movie. Great potential for things like listening comprehension and conversation practice.

TVO Spelling Bee

Here's yet another spelling bee program--this time featuring Canadian pronunciation and spelling.

Catch the Spelling

A fun way to practice the spelling of various categories of English words.

BigIQKids Vocabulary program

This is like their spelling bee, but focuses on definitions. Again, you can use your own word list, which is cool.

BigIQKids Spelling Bee

Here it is, folks--an online free spelling bee program that lets you enter your own word list.

Times Spellling Bee

An online spelling bee, like that at Visual Thesaurus, but with British pronunciation and spelling. A few other word games here too.

Visual Thesaurus Spelling Bee

The classic spelling drill. Unfortunately, you can't use your own word list unless you have a paid subscription.

Cool in School: Sunset Sudbury School opens in Davie - South Florida Sun-Sentinel.com

Cool in School: Sunset Sudbury School opens in Davie - South Florida Sun-Sentinel.com

On Action Research

The sine qua non of all TESOL training these days is what is called “action research.” This involves observing your own or another's classroom using a “classroom observation instrument”--a form you prepare, then fill out with tick marks—while you keep trying new methods. The form is generally not supposed to be in any way judgemental, only to note what happens. Nevertheless, doing this is supposed in some mysterious way to improve teaching practice.

As I recently pointed out to a friend who is an advocate of the technique, this looks a lot like pseudo-science. Even if people and subjects were all the same—as of course they are not—no data collected in one classroom is ever going to reach the threshold of statistical significance. At the same time, unless we are ready and able to make judgements on what works, no observation is going to improve the technique of any given teacher.

And, supposing we want to make such judgements, how do we do so? Imagine we try a given technique, and the results come in for the next student test, and they show, inevitably, that some students did well, some less well, and some poorly. How do we know from this whether the tested technique worked? We cannot, without some kind of control, using a different technique, involving the same or nearly identical subject and students. And action research has no room for a control.

My friend responds that it is nevertheless of value, because it makes you reflect about your teaching.

I counter:

Jim, let's be frank here.

Unless we can answer the question, “how do we know, in the course of action research, that some new technique is working, and working better than the alternatives?” action research is not valid even on the level of the individual classroom.

You suggest that it is simply good to reflect on how you teach. If so, this still does not necessarily mean action research is the best way to do it. Reflection can involve prayer, study, survey, interview, analysis; experiment is not automatically required. One can reflect rather deeply on sin or death without actually having to try it.

Consider using “action research” in another profession—one that really does involve a body of scientific knowledge. Imagine if an engineer you hired spent his time on your project experimenting with how he joined trusses, rather than following the building code. Would you, as a client, consider that a good thing? Suppose your accountant did the same with your business's books? Good practice? Your doctor? Your brain surgeon?

I don't think so.

You don't want them experimenting or varying their methods—you want them applying the known best practices as they learned them. Anything else would be, in a word (and legally speaking) malpractice.

So isn't it also malpractice for teachers?

The advocacy of of action research in teaching seems to amount in itself to a backwards admission by the reigning authorities in the field that they either 1. have no idea what best teaching practices are, or 2. if they do, cannot teach them. Because, if there are any known best practices, the demand to constantly experiment would systematically undermine them.

I believe there really are some best teaching methods. If I am right—if there is such a thing as good and bad teaching-- and we have strong empirical evidence that this is so--action research becomes actively destructive. If, on the other hand, I am wrong, and we have no idea, it simply becomes useless. But still immoral: immoral first because it is dishonest, pretending to improve teaching when it does not; and immoral second because it necessarily involves experimenting on clients without their informed consent—a plain violation of research ethics.

Why do we do it?

An obvious part of the reason is that anyone who has themselves been to school—let alone to university or even to grad school—has seen good and bad teaching modelled for them daily for many years. This is a far longer and better apprenticeship than you could hope to get for any other job. From this experience, we all know the basics of good teaching, to the extent that we are capable of learning at all; probably too well to need to even put it down in writing.

Unfortunately, that leaves little room for special degrees in education—and little room for a “profession,” with all the prestige and extra pay that this can command. To claim professional status, you need to claim special knowledge and expertise not known to educated people generally.

It is not just that teaching well involves no such hidden knowledge. To try to make teaching into a “profession” is actually selling it short. Vocations are more important to mankind, and to God; and they are harder to do well. Until very recent times, teaching was understood to be a vocation. Christians will be familiar with the gifts of the spirit, from Ephesians 4:11: “It was he who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers.”

In principle, anyone, with enough hard work, can master a profession. But not anyone, no matter how hard they try, can be a competent priest, artist, prophet, or teacher.

That, and professions, though easier to do, pay much better.

We are able to see clearly enough, purely from empirical evidence, that teaching is a vocation, not a profession. First, we know from the statistics that those who go through programs in education get no better results with students on standardized tests than those who have not. Second, we know from the statistics that half of those who graduate from ed school drop out of the field within five years. Having been to ed school and gotten that training seems to have no bearing at all on whether you can actually teach.

Ed schools are useless; but the problem is, they are also a good living for a lot of peoplewho have grown accustomed to that.

Unfortunately, in trying to make teaching a profession, the “special knowledge” the schools drum up that is not obvious to anyone watching what teachers in the past have always done must necessarily be something that teachers in the past have not visibly done. That means the field has a vested interest in dismissing everything teachers have done in the past, and indeed dismissing anew everything newly established every ten years or so. Assuming we have learned anything at all about teaching and learning over the last 200,000 years, this is a sure way to destroy all that knowledge and expertise, and replace it with essentially random behaviours. It is also a way to ensure that we never get better at teaching.

This “action research,” an activity that itself is not visible to and so learnable by students in their seats, and that never comes up with any valid, verifiable results, fits the bill perfectly. It also has the cardinal advantage of being itself easily teachable. Anyone can learn to do it. And, moreover, it can be made to look to the unsophisticated like a scientific activity.

It is a calamity for the students, though, and a horror, surely, to anyone who is truly called to be a teacher, because it forces them to teach badly. No doubt driving most of them out of the field.

Oddly enough, there really are some things that ed schools could usefully be teaching. There really are some things tyro teachers could learn besides what is evident from sitting in a classroom as a student. Yet the ed schools seem uninterested in teaching any of these things. Certainly they do not add up to enough to warrant thinking of teaching as a profession; more like a trade. That may be the problem, or the problem may be, instead, that they are a bit of a slog to learn.

For example, every teacher should obviously know certain math: the math, for example, to turn any mark into a percentage, or adjust a mark out of 12 into a mark out of 30. Right? When working with the el-hi types, I regularly find that virtually none of them know how to do this high school math—we always had to laboriously make every test be out of the number of marks it represented on the final assessment, because they could not do the calculation; or possibly would not take the trouble. Every teacher should know how to bell-curve results, for those frequent times when a test turns out to be too hard or too easy for a class. Yet so far in my rather lengthy life and career, I have only encountered two other teachers who seemed to even know about this—one my own science teacher, the other with a Master's in math from a prestigious university. When I've asked superiors if I could do this for myself and others, they did not know what I was talking about.

I am no great shakes in math myself, but surely we can handle learning a simple equation or two—indeed, it's really just a matter of knowing where to go on the internet to get it when needed.

That may be why it is not taught in ed schools: the math is really high school level. Something more at the level of a trade, not worthy of a profession. But I also smell a certain mental laziness here: for most, math is probably not a lot of fun. Those who are naturally good at it do not tend to end up in ed school—they can do better as accountants or engineers. For anyone who does end up in ed school, doing the math is probably less fun than pretending to be a scientist.

Similarly, it ought to be a no-brainer to give every teacher some training in rhetoric, because that is the essence of what they do every day—public speaking, communicating, holding student interest. This indeed used to be the essential training for a teacher. Do they study it now? Ever? Just the reverse: all the current educational theories seem to share one odd premise—that one should avoid lecturing.

This is especially odd because we have good empirical evidence that “direct instruction”--presenting the information clearly and plainly--is the fastest way to learn. Teachers complain that this is beneath their professional dignity, because it is something mechanical that anyone can do. If so, QED; but I'm also not so sure it is that easy to say something plainly, clearly, interestingly, and memorably. Good speakers, to the contrary, can command pretty fat fees, even more than good writers.

I think perhaps more to the point is the fact that most people do not find public speaking fun. Most people fear it worse than dying. Studying it, and doing it, fails the fun test—for the teacher, not the student.

Mnemonics and mnemonic technology is also a rich field where a good number of things are definitely known. After clear presentation, after understanding, what is the second most vital element in learning? Remembering it. Cognitive studies get into this a little, but there is a vast literature out there spreading over thousands of years and all the cultures of the world. We should be tapping into this, teaching this in ed schools, and do not seem to be.

Instead, as part of their overall wrecking ball approach, just as they are against lecturing, the ed schools are down on memorization altogether.

Why? Again, because memorization is too “mechanical.” So it's beneath the dignity of a professional (but don't try selling that one to a medical student memorizing bone structure, or a law student memorizing cases). But is it fun and easy? Again, apparently not for most people. Why do anything that feels like work, if you can avoid it? Better to stick to the “action research.”

Similarly, every teacher should obviously have a good command of the tools of their trade: computers, projectors, smart boards, the Internet, media, online learning, ICT in general. In general, few teachers seem to know how to use these things, and most even seem resistant to trying. Businesses generally embrace these things for their training well before schools will.

It takes some effort, after all, to learn these things, and to keep learning as new tools come out. It's brain work.

Kind of like a doctor or college professor needing to keep up with his field.

Similarly again, nothing could be more important than actually knowing what it is you are teaching—you can't teach what you do not know. By insisting on degrees in education instead of degrees in the subject taught, we are actually preventing this.

ESL/EFL is perhaps a bit of a special case—by simply being a native speaker, we do have a sense of the language at least greater than that of any likely student. But do not be misled—language is the most complex thing mankind has yet invented, and there are definite levels of expertise. Shakespeare knew English far better than I do. Most of us make mistakes in spelling and grammar fairly often, few can write a good poem, and none of us knows all the words in the language.

This matters at the ESL level—I have not really observed ESL classrooms all that often, but it keeps me awake nights how often I have seen ESL students given a complete bum steer on some matter. Certainly most ESL teachers I have encountered don't have the first idea how to write a good essay, though they all seem to teach it. How can they show a student how to write one? How can they meaningfully judge his work?

So in TESL, it would make good sense to require at least one degree in English or another essay-based discipline requiring definite facility with the language: philosophy, history, theology, rhetoric, journalism. Broadly, the humanities.

Instead, education is all social-science based. The land of the multiple-choice exam.

In ESL, we ought also, as a matter of course, to study and become familiar with the basic elements of the L1 of our learners. This can obviously inform our teaching practice: by knowing the ways in which the L1 differs from English, we can target the areas in which our students will need help, and why. I do not mean the more laborious work of learning their language—not vocabulary. Just an overview of the phonemes and the rules of grammar. Most ESL teachers never seem to do this. In ESL training, it would be a fairly simple thing to include a review of at least the most common L1s in the current ESL world: Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic. The selection of languages could be adjusted regularly depending on current statistics from the field, and reasonable predictions for the future.

Indeed, it would make a huge amount of sense to expect ESL instructors as a matter of course to be reasonably adept in at least one language other than English, acquired not through osmosis in childhood, but through classroom study. You surely need to know how to learn a second language in order to know how best to teach a second language.

Why don't we do it? Again, I suspect simply because it would be slogging. Learning languages, even at this level, takes a certain amount of real application.

Also for ESL, we ought to have a background in comparative culture, because that is the elephant in every classroom—and the elephant goes home with us each night. Does anyone study that formally as part of a TESL program?

Instead, we're all in this silly sandbox called “active research,” making our imaginary castles to be pulled down again by the next tide.

Why? Because, on the one hand, it is not too obvious.

And, on the other, it is not too hard.

The Resurrection of the Humanities

I keep hearing about the Death of the Humanities. Nobody is studying them any more. The stats are striking.

But this is probably because nobody is teaching them any more. The truth is, we deliberately killed the humanities about fifty years ago, by government action in Canada, in the US by neglect. Universities are just such conservative institutions that it takes a few generations for the death notice to appear.

This was a fatal blunder. The humanities are meant to be the capstone of any education, and hence of any university. We need the humanities to know what is true, and what is worth studying. We need the humanities to know what an education is. If we do not know what is true or what is real, philosophical or theological questions, there is no cause to study one thing over another.

We cut off the heads of our colleges. They went mad with postmodernism and psychotherapy and scientism and fringe politics, random delusions. That is where we are now—with spiralling costs as things are no longer done out of principle, but purely for money. The humanities may have been first to lose their appeal with students—logically enough, as they were the first to be hollowed out—but many are talking now of an “education bubble” that looks about to burst on all faculties. The conventional university has become unsustainable.

Up to the Sixties, in Canada, each university knew what was real and what an education was because each university, with only a few exceptions, was confessional—it had a definite religious point of view, it had meaningful founding principles, which were supposed to guide all that it did. That was, largely, the reason for having different universities in the first place. We systematically demolished that, in Canada, in a deliberate postware drive to secularize education, and now are reaping the whirlwind.

Just for interest, here's a quick historical primer:

Queen's University—Presbyterian

McMaster University—Baptist

Wilfred Laurier University—Lutheran

University of Windsor—Catholic

University of Western Ontario—Anglican

University of Ottawa—Catholic

University of Toronto—a consortium, with colleges representing each denomination.

University of Manitoba—a consortium of Catholic, Anglican, and Presbyterian colleges. The Methodists originally were also included, but later split off as the University of Winnipeg.

Universite de Moncton—Catholic

Mount Allison University—Methodist

St. Thomas University—Catholic

Acadia University—Baptist

Mount Saint Vincent University—Catholic

Saint Francis Xavier University—Catholic

St. Mary's University—Catholic

Universite Sainte-Anne—Catholic

UPEI—formed as a merger of two preexisting institutions, one Catholic, one Protestant.

Bishop's University—Anglican

Concordia University—a merger of a Catholic and a YMCA college.

Universite de Montreal—Catholic

Universite de Sherbrooke—Catholic

Universite Laval—Catholic

University of Regina—Methodist

Secular universities:

Dalhousie University

University of New Brunswick

University of British Columbia

McGill University

The provincial universities in Western Canada were established more or less on the American model of secular state universities, and were non-denominational. In addition, any university founded postwar was almost automatically secular—until recently.

In the US, the deliberate government elimination of religious influence and of the religious character of universities did not take place; but nominally denominational universities mostly lost their denominational character more or less spontaneously at about the same period. I went to Syracuse University in NY in the late Seventies. It still had odd vestigial traces of its original Baptist character in the Religion Department—most of the professors were still Baptist ministers. But none of them taught, or admitted to believing in, Baptist theology.

The loss of so much heritage and tradition is sad; though not nearly as sad as the loss of so much meaningful education. We have lost, in effect, at least two generations of thinkers, writers, leaders, and artists. We have lost our way as a culture. Individually, we have been swamped by “mental illness.” To paraphrase Leonard Cohen, it ought to be clear to anyone from the raw statistics that some great catastrophe has taken place in the spiritual world since about the Second World War.

Happily, however, there has been a revival of religious colleges in more recent years. The humanities may be dying in these older legacy schools. But these new schools, though small, are booming. And they are centred on the humanities in their true, ancient form, the Great Books and Great Thoughts approach, guided by a coherent visoin of what man is and why he is here.

The problem, in other words, was never with the humanities. It was with the universities.

I predict a general renaissance in the humanities soon. It should have come long ago, had the devil's wrecking ball not been so hard at work. With increased prosperity, our culture has more time and resources for the finer things in life, more time for contemplation, and this is the sphere of the humanities. With the accelerating pace of technology, a practical degree actually makes less and less sense—all the details will be obsolete more or less by time of graduation, even on the vain hope that one's professors actually still know anything relevant based on their education much longer ago. The only workable approach is to focus on the fundamentals, on how to learn, how to evaluate, how to communicate, and how to make decisions. Everything else will more or less necessarily be on the job, or in night school.

We would know this, if we were not running around with our heads cut off.

VerbaLearn

One more flashcard system, but this one is specifically designed for learning vocabulary. Choose from pre-set vocabulary lists for intermediate ESL, advanced ESL, grades from 7 through 12, or SAT or GRE words.

Directions Map

Ace way to practice giving and following directions--using Google Maps and Street View.

Braineos

Seems as though everyone is putting up flashcard sites on the Web now. OK--here's another one. Nothing special so far, but it includes one pleasant little game.

Make an iPod.iPhone-iPad app for your course

Hit them where they live. Create your own class iPhone app.

Compendium of Printable Worksheets

... on all aspects of English learning. Busyteacher.org

A Language Teacher's Cheat Book

As language teachers, we ought to, and rarely do, research the first languages of those we teach. By doing so, we can learn what items in English they are most likely to struggle with--it will be those aspects of their mother tongue that most differ.

This site, 101 languages, gives you a quick run down of the sounds and grammar of 101 different languages. Just a page or two might do.

Grammar Roulette

Another ripping contribution from the always industrious folks at Hong Kong Polytechnic's Virtual Language Centre: two games of grammar roulette. Nice for breaking ice, or for filling in an unplanned half hour once a hard lesson' s done.

The "Education Bubble": A Graph

When shown graphically, it sure looks unsustainable. Especially in a recession.

Comic Master

Create your own graphic novel online.

The Shadow Knows

A professional ghostwriter of academic essays spills the beans about his work:

I, who have no name, no opinions, and no style, have written so many papers at this point, including legal briefs, military-strategy assessments, poems, lab reports, and, yes, even papers on academic integrity, that it's hard to determine which course of study is most infested with cheating. But I'd say education is the worst. I've written papers for students in elementary-education programs, special-education majors, and ESL-training courses. I've written lesson plans for aspiring high-school teachers, and I've synthesized reports from notes that customers have taken during classroom observations. I've written essays for those studying to become school administrators, and I've completed theses for those on course to become principals. In the enormous conspiracy that is student cheating, the frontline intelligence community is infiltrated by double agents. (Future educators of America, I know who you are.)

Pretty depressing reading. Unless you're a professional writer.

What Teachers Make

Sorry to say this, but it actually sounds to me as though this guy is boasting about how good he is at bullying children. It's all about telling kids what to do, and nothing about telling kids something new. That is to say, nothing about actually teaching. And then, of course, if the student is bored--that's the student's fault.

The most chilling thing is that he gets a lot of applause at the end.

Complete Listing of All TED Talks

Some human benefactor has listed all TED talks in a Google spreadsheet for easy reference.

Lingro

Here's a cool tool: open any other website from Lingro's website, and it will automatically either translate or give a definition for any word you click, and will also save it as part of a word list for you.

ESL Video

Great for listening exercises: grab a video from the web, post it here, and make a comprehension quiz to go with it. More or less awesome.

The Troubles of Dictionary Jacques

A good source of illustrations of vocabulary for the classroom, if limited in selection. This was once a popular newspaper comic strip. Jacques keeps running into trouble because his understanding of the word is too literal.

The Idiom Dictionary

A place to look up that English idiom -- or to find an idiom using a vocabulary item you are teaching.

The Gettysburg Address Animated

Nice use of multimedia to make something memorable.

Country School Memories

The Melfort, Saskatchewan, local museum hosts an online exhibition of what it was like a couple of generations ago to go to school on the Canadian prairies.

A Virtual Schoolhouse

From Library and Archives Canada, a view of what school was like in Canada a hundred years ago.

Cultural Literacy: Mother Goose

Try this link for a quiz on basic cultural literacy: how well do you or your kids do with a basic quiz on cultural allusions from Mother Goose?

Test of concept for ProProfs Quiz School.

ProProfs

A nice place to make free quizzes online. Allows for images and video, automatically marks, and collects statistics.

A Cri de Cour from University Students

The complaints about the university system today are starting to sound a whole lot like the complaints about the mainstream media just as they started to go South. The following from Seth Godin's blog today:

The vast majority of email I get from college students is filled with disgust, disdain and frustration at how backwards the system is. Professors who neither read nor write blogs or current books in their field. Professors who rely on marketing textbooks that are advertising-based, despite the fact that virtually no professional marketers build their careers solely around advertising any longer. And most of all, about professors who treat new ideas or innovative ways of teaching with contempt.

The refusal of the current system to embrace what the new technologies make possible is probably only a symptom of a deeper problem--that they are primarily concerned with their own interests as a class, and not in the customer. There is no ethic of service here. But the new technology both demonstrates this, and makes them suddenly vulnerable. It opens up what used to be a cartel, and it makes anyone who will use the technology automatically more competitive than they (we) are.


You'd think that university professors at least would be smart enough to learn the lesson, especially after the manufacturing unions and the press have already gone down, and other professions are starting to be outsourced. But so far, it doesn't look like it. Perhaps that, in the end, is the ultimate condemnation.

Brainflips

A sophisticated flashcard package. Allows audio, images, and three modes of study.

iFlipr

A simple little flashcard system that you can put on your iPod or iPhone. Allows for graphics.

A Visual Aid for the Recent Mining Disaster and Rescue in Chile

I'd call this an exemplary use of the computer's multimedia capabilities to illustrate a point.

Click on the title above to see.

Here's an Example of How Good Lecturing Matters

The late, great Milton Friedman

All Your Questions Answered

A friend has asked some questions about my recent posts on education. Answering them here may clarify my points for others.

I wrote: 

Question: how can the teaching profession actually manage, as shown by comparison with the results of home schooling, to do worse in their chosen line of work than people pulled randomly off the street?

Dear Abbot:

Parents are not pulled randomly off the street.

Concerned Parent.

Dear CP:

Context is important. Nobody is ever a person “pulled randomly off the street” for all contexts and purposes. If a Jewish surgeon performs a Catholic mass, he is a “person pulled randomly off the street”; but if he performs an operation, he is not. We were speaking of the teaching profession, as per the first clause of the sentence. From the point of view of supposed teaching qualifications, the parent is a person pulled randomly off the street.

Having your surgery performed by your mother, after all, is not obviously a good idea.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

Would homeschooling by parents produce similar results to homeschooling conducted by a person hired to do so, randomly off the street?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

I suspect not, but if being a parent is the crucial item, the conclusion is inescapable: schools per se are a mistake, and all children should be home-schooled. I'm not prepared to go that far, without further evidence.

As it happens, other studies have indeed put certified teachers more or less head to head against people who have not been certified to teach, and the results regularly go in favour of the good old Jewish MD yanked from the pavement.

1. Private schools in the US consistently do better than public schools, at less cost. Public schools must hire “certified” teachers. Private schools generally do not have to.
2. Teachers taken up through the “Teach for America” program consistently get better results than those coming up through the ed schools. TFA applicants are, unfortunately, obliged to get some teacher training; but much less than the regular troops.
3. “Operation Follow Through,” a massive study funded by the US government, put a variety of teaching approaches to the test over twenty years. Almost all the approaches sponsored by ed schools failed in standardized tests—they did worse than the controls. The one approach that did best, and clearly surpassed the controls, was developed by an advertising executive, and, by its own estimation, could use anyone as the teacher.

Abbot

I wrote: 

All modern, secular approaches to education are based on the premise that teaching should be a "science."

Dear Abbot:

How do you mean this? You put the word in quotation marks, and doing so typically indicates the writer should have used a different term. If your sentence stands as is without the artificial emphasis, then you should specify which modern secular approaches are based on that premise or at lease give a few examples. If you mean something other than science, then what?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

ALL modern approaches to education, as per the ed schools--behaviourism, constructivism, and cognitivism--are based on the fundamental premise that teaching can and should be “scientific.” I use quotes, because what they imagine science to be is not at all what science is—the word should probably be “scientism,” or perhaps even more accurately, “the cargo cult of science.” It is a worship of the word “science” and an unreasoning faith that if something resembles the scientific method in any way, its results must be truth. It's a type of sympathetic magic, ultimately, I suppose.

Of course, there are other approaches to education that are not “scientific”—the rabbinical tradition, the Salesian tradition, the Jesuit tradition, the classical tradition of rhetoric, the Confucian tradition, and so forth. But they are not modern, and you will not find them in the ed schools. They are not recognized for teacher certification. Mention them, and you'd probably get thrown out of teacher's college.

It is more or less necessary that any coherent approach to education be religious in nature. Take that away, and you have no meaningful goal. The idea of making it “scientific” might once have seemed like a workable alternative, but it is not. It requires you first to make a religion called “science.”

The earlier “humanistic,” “classical,” or “rhetorical” approach also sought to be a secular model. But the inevitable problem with this is quickly revealed by all the current connotations of the terms “rhetoric,” or “sophistry.” An education stripped of values is not a good thing.

Abbot

I wrote:

The human mind (other than our own) cannot be observed.

Dear Abbot:

Why not? ...unless you restrict the term observe to mean seeing light waves reflected off an object.

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

Strictly speaking, perhaps that sentence should have been “directly observed.” I struck “directly,” though,because it is redundant. Anything that exists can be indirectly observed, and so there is no meaningful distinction added. But we cannot observe anyone else's mind. All we can observe is its products: its words, its works. I cannot know what you are thinking; I cannot read your mind.

That said, it is also true that science was specifically designed to work with sense experience, and not any other kinds of observation. It is difficult to deal with emotions, for example, “scientifically,” and I would advise against trying.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

We cannot see gravity and the other forces of nature, either, can we?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

That is why they are theories, in scientific terms--logical inferences—and not observations. The distinction is not trivial. No good scientist should assume gravity as an observed entity. If it were, Einstein would simply have been insane.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

In observing commonalities the human mind can be observed. Might it be in these ways that educators formulate methodologies?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

This is probably exactly how the best educators form their methods. It is all by inference from their own experience of their own minds, and a deep sympathy for others. This is not permitted to certified teachers, though. It is unscientific.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

Could we call such formulation and the study towards how best to do so a type of science?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

No. We have two other terms for describing this process: 1. art, and 2. more specifically, artistic genius. Art is not science; the two stand generally in contrast to one another. The contrast between art and science closely parallels the contrast between 1. subjective and 2. objective. That is, art is subjective, science is objective.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

You start out by saying "the human mind (other than our own mind) cannot be observed." Our own mind?
Later you say the mind "cannot comprehend itself." If a person can observe his own mind, at least, then
to whatever degree that observation translates into comprehension, he can comprehend himself.

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

If we could observe everything about our mind, then we could perhaps comprehend it. But we cannot. We cannot observe the observer, and we cannot observe our observing. If we try to do either, we fall into an infinity paradox: we must then observe the observer observing the observer, and so forth. We must observe the observation of the observation, and so forth. Can't get back behind that, without being God. We cannot comprehend the process of comprehension without the same paradox. We just Kant.

This is without even touching upon the hypothesis of the unconscious or subconscious mind, or of ideal forms.

Abbot

I wrote:

This approach reduces the student and the mind to an object, which is fundamentally incorrect. They are independent subjects.

Dear Abbot:

While we are subject in one aspect, we can in another also serve as object.

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

This should never be done, on moral grounds. To quote Kant, “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means to an end.” This is the same as saying, “as a subject, and never merely as an object.” But I think the grounds are more than moral: it is at the same time absolute ontological truth that each human being is a subject, never merely an object, by his or her own nature. This is at least part of what the Bible meant by saying we are created “in the image of God.” We are godlike in that we are conscious and self-conscious beings.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

Even though we are all the children of God, ultimately He is the subject and we His objects -- not in the sense of material object but in the sense of a reciprocal subject-object relationship.

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

Sorry, that's blasphemy. We are not objects to God. That's the point of saying we are his children. Our reciprocal relationship with God is “I-Thou,” as Martin Buber put it, not “subject-object.” Indeed, if it were “subject-object,” it could not be truly reciprocal.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

Can you distinguish, please, between educational theory and educational methodology? What is a theory, and how does it manifest?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

Good question. It's hazy. An educational theory is a theory about how the mind works and how learning happens. The methodology seeks to apply this in the classroom. This is always a bad idea—not just because the theory is always very preliminary, very tentative, and never anywhere near being proven beyond a reasonable doubt, making the actual application of it the educational equivalent of gross medical malpractice, of experiments on live human subjects without consent. This is also because whether a given theory actually can be applied in the classroom situation, and the way it ought to be applied in the classroom situation, if at all, is necessarily even more tenuous and open to indefinite debate. A debate that never happens—there is no time, before the current theory is scrapped, and another appears, and there is a rush to sell a new set of texts based on the latest theory.

Abbot

I wrote:

Each new theory necessarily must distinguish itself and its practitioners by doing something, in common teaching practice, that violates common sense.

Dear Abbot:

Can you cite some examples?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

Sure. Behaviourism's audio-lingual method of teaching languages actually avoids ever telling the students the meaning of words.

Cognitivism's “communicative” method actually avoids ever telling the students the grammar of the language.

Constructivism, the postmodernist path, avoids telling the students anything at all.

And so it goes...

Abbot

I wrote:

If they did not, there would be no way of telling if a given teacher was applying "the method," and there would be nothing in practice for the new theory to teach.

Dear Abbot:

I don't get it.

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

Spoken with enviable clarity!

If a given teaching method just followed common sense, there would be no way for a supervisor to walk into a classroom, observe a class, and determine that that teacher had been “properly” trained. An intelligent person off the street would be doing all the same things. Unfortunately, currently, the results of these “classroom observations” are about the only thing that matters to any given teacher's career.

Similarly, if a student attended a teacher's college, and all the classes merely repeated what he or she already knew from common sense and from attending classes and observing teachers over eighteen years of schooling, it would be pretty obvious that there was no point in teacher's college or in teacher ed. Whatever they tell you to do has to be something quite different from what you have seen in all your own classes over those eighteen years. Different enough to take a full year or so to teach you to do.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

The schools in my country believe that students should memorize lots of facts and pass tests so they will
get into better schools at the next stage. I don't agree, in theory, yet find myself pushing my daughter to study so
she will get good grades.

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

I feel the same way you do about this. How you do on a standardized test is not necessarily well related with whether you've gotten a good education. But it depends on your objective. Standardized tests, with all their problems, are still a good way to prevent discrimination, corruption, cronyism, and plain laziness. They give schools and teachers a clear goal—and if you don't have a clear goal, you're less likely to get there. They also offer some sort of independent check on the quality of teachers, techniques, and schools.

If you live in the US, this standardized test approach is coming very soon to a school near you. It is in the new vanguard of the movement to improve education.

There are two bodies that conduct these studies internationally. I recently did a mashup of the figures, evaluating all the developed countries's student performance in the three subject areas, reading, science, and math, in the two studies. Here's the top twelve:

1. Finland – 1
2. Taiwan – 1.5
3. Netherlands – 3.67
4. tie – South Korea and Japan – 3.75
5. Canada – 4.33
6. Latvia – 5
7. England – 6
8. Singapore – 6.33
9. New Zealand – 8.67
10. Switzerland – 9
11. Belgium – 9.5
12. Lithuania – 9.67

I look at that list, and I see countries that tend to be tidy, orderly, and lacking in passion or art. Countries where all of life is more or less a standardized test. (I know I am grossly oversimplifying. The Netherlands, Belgium, England, Japan, all excel in some of the arts some of the time. Korea is passionate.). In fact, doing well on a standardized test almost requires a lack of emotion—it is a test of calm under pressure as much as of knowledge or academic skills.

A great way to weed out artistic or creative temperaments.

Accordingly, it can be overemphasized. And is about to be, in North America.

Abbot

I wrote:

The educational “-isms” are perfectly designed to weed the best teachers out of the profession.

Dear Abbot:

How so?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

If you love the students, you will react with visceral resistance to the requirement to treat them as objects. If you love teaching, you will instinctively resist the need to strip away all the best things you do, and that you know are best, in order to satisfy the official requirements. The more you love teaching, and the more you love your students, the harder that is going to be to do, and the less inclined you are going to be to do it.

Abbot

Dear Abbot:

So what makes a good teacher?

Concerned Parent

Dear CP:

The best teacher is going to be

1. The person who knows the subject best. You cannot teach what you do not know; and if the teacher cannot answer questions as they arise, students are better off alone with the books.
2. The person who knows how to learn best. That means the person who has themselves gotten the highest marks at school, has the highest IQ, has the widest general knowledge. Here, too, in matters of technique, you cannot teach what you do not know.
3. The person who is most articulate—best able to communicate clearly and entertainingly in speech and in writing. If you cannot explain clearly, you cannot teach.
4. The person the student most wants to emulate or to please. That is, someone likeable, someone accomplished, someone accessible, and someone of high moral character.

It would not be at all difficult to select teachers for just these traits. Unfortunately, none of them count for anything at a teacher's college, or in the certification process. This is for one reason, and one reason alone: except for 1, and possibly 3, they are not teachable, and 1 does not require a "teachers' college." The ed schools would be out of business.

Abbot